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Introduction to the classification and uses of CNC tools

source: 未知 : 业佳精密 Views: Time:Mar 07, 2024

Description:

Tool classification Cutting tools are often divided into turning tools, hole processing tools, milling cutters, broaches, threading tools, gear cutters, automatic lines, CNC machine tools and reamers according to processing methods and spec

Tool classification
 
Cutting tools are often divided into turning tools, hole processing tools, milling cutters, broaches, threading tools, gear cutters, automatic lines, CNC machine tools and reamers according to processing methods and specific uses.
 
Cutting tools can also be classified according to the materials used, such as high-speed steel tools, carbide tools, ceramic tools, cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools, diamond tools, etc.; according to the structure, they are divided into solid cutting tools and blade cutting tools. , machine clamp tools and composite tools, etc.; they are divided into standard tools and non-standard tools according to whether they are standardized or not.
 
 
 
Introduction to commonly used tools
 
1. Turning tool
 
Turning tools are the most widely used tools in metal cutting and do not require signature processing. It can process outer circles, end faces, threads, and inner holes on lathes, and can also be used for grooving and cutting. Structurally, turning tools can be divided into solid turning tools, welding assembly turning tools and mechanical clamping blade turning tools. Turning tools that clamp the insert mechanically can be divided into machine tool turning tools and indexable turning tools. Mechanically clamped tools have stable cutting performance and workers do not need to sharpen the tools, so they are increasingly used in modern production.
 
2. Hole machining tools
 
Hole machining tools can generally be divided into two categories:
 
One category is tools used to machine holes in solid materials. Commonly used twist drills, center drills and deep hole drills;
 
The other is a tool that reprocesses existing holes in the workpiece. Commonly used ones include reamer drills, reamers and boring tools.
 
3. Milling cutter
 
Milling cutter is a widely used multi-edged rotary tool with many types. According to usage:
 
1) Used for processing flat surfaces, such as cylindrical surface milling cutters, end mills, etc.;
 
2) Used for processing grooves, such as end mills, T-shaped cutters, angle milling cutters, etc.;
 
3) Used for processing special-shaped surfaces, such as convex semicircle, concave semicircle milling cutters and milling cutters for processing other complex special-shaped surfaces. The productivity of milling is generally higher, and the surface roughness value of the machined surface is larger.
 
4. Broach
 
The broach is a multi-tooth tool with high processing accuracy and cutting efficiency. It is widely used in mass production and can process various internal and external surfaces. Broaching tools can be divided into various internal broaching tools and external broaching tools according to the surface of the workpiece processed. When using a broach, in addition to selecting the rake angle and relief angle of the cutter teeth according to the workpiece material, and determining the size of the broach according to the size of the workpiece surface (such as the diameter of the circular hole), there are two parameters that need to be determined:
 
(1) Tooth elevation af [i.e., the difference in radius or height between the front and rear teeth (or tooth groups)];
 
(2) Tooth pitch p [i.e., the axial distance between two adjacent teeth].
 
5. Thread milling cutter
 
Threads can be processed by cutting and rolling methods.
 
6. Gear milling cutter
 
Gear cutters are tools used to process gear tooth shapes. According to the working principle of the cutter, gears are divided into forming gear cutting cutters and generating gear cutting cutters. Commonly used forming gear cutters include disc gear milling cutters and finger gear cutters. Commonly used gear generating cutters include gear shaper cutters, hob cutters and gear shaving cutters. The following points should be noted when selecting gear hobs and gear shapers:
 
(1) The basic parameters of the tool (module, tooth profile angle, tooth tip height coefficient, etc.) should be the same as the gear being processed.
 
(2) The accuracy level of the tool should be equivalent to the accuracy requirements of the gear being processed.
 
(3) The rotation direction of the tool should be the same as the rotation direction of the gear being processed. When hobbing spur gears, a left-hand gear cutter is generally used.
 
7. Automatic lines and CNC machine tools
 
Generally speaking, the cutting part of this type of tool is not much different from that of ordinary tools. It is precisely in order to adapt to the characteristics of CNC machine tools and automatic line processing that higher requirements are put forward for them.